path: root/src/launcher.rs

mod constants;
mod version;
mod strsub;
mod download;
mod rules;
mod assets;
mod extract;
mod settings;
mod runner;
mod jre;

use std::borrow::Cow;
use std::cmp::min;
use std::env::consts::{ARCH, OS};
use std::error::Error;
use std::ffi::{OsStr, OsString};
use std::fmt::{Display, Formatter};
use std::io::ErrorKind;
use std::io::ErrorKind::AlreadyExists;
use std::path::{Component, Path, PathBuf, Prefix};
use std::{env, process};
use std::env::JoinPathsError;
use std::time::{Instant, SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
use const_format::formatcp;
use futures::{StreamExt, TryStreamExt};
use indexmap::IndexMap;
use log::{debug, info, trace, warn};
use reqwest::Client;
use sysinfo::System;
use tokio::{fs, io};
use tokio_stream::wrappers::ReadDirStream;
use download::{MultiDownloader, VerifiedDownload};
use rules::{CompatCheck, IncompatibleError};
use version::{VersionList, VersionResolveError, VersionResult};
use crate::version::{Logging, Library, OSRestriction, OperatingSystem, DownloadType, DownloadInfo, LibraryExtractRule, CompleteVersion, FeatureMatcher, ClientLogging};

use assets::{AssetError, AssetRepository};
use crate::util::{self, AsJavaPath};

pub use settings::*;
pub use runner::run_the_game;
pub use crate::util::{EnsureFileError, FileVerifyError, IntegrityError};
use crate::assets::AssetIndex;
use runner::ArgumentType;
use strsub::SubFunc;
use crate::launcher::download::FileDownload;
use crate::launcher::jre::{JavaRuntimeError, JavaRuntimeRepository};
use crate::version::manifest::VersionType;

#[derive(Debug)]
pub enum LogConfigError {
    UnknownType(String),
    InvalidId(Option<String>),
    MissingURL,
    IO{ what: &'static str, error: io::Error },
    Offline,
    Download{ url: String, error: reqwest::Error },

    Integrity(IntegrityError)
}

impl Display for LogConfigError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        match self {
            LogConfigError::UnknownType(log_type) => write!(f, "unknown log type {}", log_type),
            LogConfigError::InvalidId(oid) => match oid {
                Some(id) => write!(f, "invalid log config id: {}", id),
                None => f.write_str("missing log config id")
            },
            LogConfigError::MissingURL => f.write_str("missing log config download URL"),
            LogConfigError::IO { what, error} => write!(f, "i/o error ({}): {}", what, error),
            LogConfigError::Offline => f.write_str("launcher in offline mode"),
            LogConfigError::Download { url, error } => write!(f, "failed to download log config ({}): {}", url, error),
            LogConfigError::Integrity(e) => write!(f, "log config verify error: {}", e)
        }
    }
}

impl Error for LogConfigError {
    fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)> {
        match self {
            LogConfigError::IO { error, .. } => Some(error),
            LogConfigError::Download {error, ..} => Some(error),
            LogConfigError::Integrity(error) => Some(error),
            _ => None
        }
    }
}

struct SystemInfo {
    os: OperatingSystem,
    os_version: String,
    arch: String
}

struct LibraryRepository {
    home: PathBuf,
    natives: PathBuf
}

pub struct Launcher {
    online: bool,
    home: PathBuf,
    versions: VersionList,

    system_info: SystemInfo,

    libraries: LibraryRepository,
    assets: AssetRepository,
    java_runtimes: JavaRuntimeRepository
}

#[derive(Debug)]
pub enum LaunchError {
    UnknownInstance(String),

    // version resolution errors
    UnknownVersion(String),
    LoadVersion(Box<dyn Error>),
    ResolveVersion(VersionResolveError),
    IncompatibleVersion(IncompatibleError),
    MissingMainClass,

    // library errors
    LibraryDirError(PathBuf, io::Error),
    LibraryVerifyError(FileVerifyError),
    LibraryDownloadError,
    LibraryExtractError(extract::ZipExtractError),
    LibraryClasspathError(JoinPathsError),

    // ensure file errors
    EnsureFile(EnsureFileError),
    IO { what: &'static str, error: io::Error },

    // log errors
    UnknownLogType(String),
    InvalidLogId(Option<String>),

    // asset errors
    Assets(AssetError),

    // java runtime errors
    ResolveJavaRuntime { what: &'static str, error: io::Error },
    MissingJavaRuntime,
    JavaRuntimeRepo(JavaRuntimeError)
}

impl Display for LaunchError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        match &self {
            LaunchError::UnknownInstance(inst) => write!(f, "unknown instance: {inst}"),
            LaunchError::UnknownVersion(id) => write!(f, "unknown version id: {id}"),
            LaunchError::LoadVersion(e) => write!(f, "error loading remote version: {e}"),
            LaunchError::ResolveVersion(e) => write!(f, "error resolving remote version: {e}"),
            LaunchError::IncompatibleVersion(e) => e.fmt(f),
            LaunchError::MissingMainClass => f.write_str("main class not specified"),
            LaunchError::LibraryDirError(path, e) => write!(f, "failed to create library directory {}: {}", path.display(), e),
            LaunchError::LibraryVerifyError(e) => write!(f, "failed to verify library: {}", e),
            LaunchError::LibraryDownloadError => f.write_str("library download failed (see above logs for details)"), // TODO: booo this sucks
            LaunchError::LibraryExtractError(e) => write!(f, "library extract zip error: {e}"),
            LaunchError::LibraryClasspathError(e) => write!(f, "error building classpath: {e}"),
            LaunchError::IO { what, error } => write!(f, "i/o error ({}): {}", what, error),
            LaunchError::EnsureFile(e) => e.fmt(f),
            LaunchError::UnknownLogType(t) => write!(f, "unknown log type: {}", t),
            LaunchError::InvalidLogId(Some(id)) => write!(f, "invalid log id: {}", id),
            LaunchError::InvalidLogId(None) => write!(f, "missing log id"),
            LaunchError::Assets(e) => write!(f, "failed to fetch assets: {}", e),
            LaunchError::ResolveJavaRuntime { what, error } => write!(f, "failed to find java runtime ({}): {}", what, error),
            LaunchError::MissingJavaRuntime => f.write_str("suitable java executable not found"),
            LaunchError::JavaRuntimeRepo(e) => write!(f, "runtime repository error: {e}")
        }
    }
}

impl Error for LaunchError {
    fn cause(&self) -> Option<&dyn Error> {
        match &self {
            LaunchError::LoadVersion(e) => Some(e.as_ref()),
            LaunchError::ResolveVersion(e) => Some(e),
            LaunchError::IncompatibleVersion(e) => Some(e),
            LaunchError::LibraryDirError(_, e) => Some(e),
            LaunchError::LibraryVerifyError(e) => Some(e),
            LaunchError::LibraryExtractError(e) => Some(e),
            LaunchError::LibraryClasspathError(e) => Some(e),
            LaunchError::IO { error: e, .. } => Some(e),
            LaunchError::EnsureFile(e) => Some(e),
            LaunchError::Assets(e) => Some(e),
            LaunchError::ResolveJavaRuntime { error: e, .. } => Some(e),
            LaunchError::JavaRuntimeRepo(e) => Some(e),
            _ => None
        }
    }
}

struct LaunchInfo<'l, F: FeatureMatcher> {
    launcher: &'l Launcher,
    feature_matcher: &'l F,

    asset_index_name: Option<String>,
    classpath: String,
    virtual_assets_path: Option<PathBuf>,
    instance_home: PathBuf,
    natives_path: PathBuf,
    client_jar: Option<PathBuf>,
    version_id: String,
    version_type: Option<VersionType>,
    asset_index: Option<AssetIndex>
}

#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Launch {
    jvm_args: Vec<OsString>,
    game_args: Vec<OsString>,
    main_class: String,
    instance_path: PathBuf,
    runtime_path: PathBuf,
    runtime_legacy_launch: bool
}

struct ProfileFeatureMatcher<'prof> {
    profile: &'prof Profile
}

impl FeatureMatcher for ProfileFeatureMatcher<'_> {
    fn matches(&self, feature: &str) -> bool {
        match feature {
            "has_custom_resolution" => self.profile.get_resolution().is_some(),
            _ => false
        }
    }
}

impl Launcher {
    // FIXME: more descriptive error type por favor
    pub async fn new(home: impl AsRef<Path>, online: bool) -> Result<Launcher, Box<dyn Error>> {
        match tokio::fs::create_dir_all(home.as_ref()).await {
            Err(e) if e.kind() != AlreadyExists => {
                warn!("Failed to create launcher home directory: {}", e);
                return Err(e.into());
            },
            _ => ()
        }

        let home = fs::canonicalize(home.as_ref()).await?;
        let versions_home = home.join("versions");
        let versions;

        debug!("Version list online?: {online}");
        if online {
            versions = VersionList::online(versions_home.as_ref()).await?;
        } else {
            versions = VersionList::offline(versions_home.as_ref()).await?;
        }

        let assets_path = home.join("assets");

        let java_runtimes = JavaRuntimeRepository::new(home.join("jre"), online).await.map_err(LaunchError::JavaRuntimeRepo)?;

        Ok(Launcher {
            online,
            versions,
            system_info: SystemInfo::new(),
            libraries: LibraryRepository {
                home: home.join("libraries"),
                natives: home.join("natives")
            },
            assets: AssetRepository::new(online, &assets_path).await?,
            java_runtimes,
            home
        })
    }

    fn choose_lib_classifier<'lib>(&self, lib: &'lib Library) -> Option<&'lib str> {
        lib.natives.as_ref().map_or(None, |n| n.get(&self.system_info.os)).map(|s| s.as_str())
    }

    async fn log_config_ensure(&self, config: &ClientLogging) -> Result<String, LaunchError> {
        info!("Ensuring log configuration exists and is valid.");

        if config.log_type != "log4j2-xml" {
            return Err(LaunchError::UnknownLogType(config.log_type.clone()));
        }

        let dlinfo = &config.file;
        let Some(id) = dlinfo.id.as_ref() else {
            return Err(LaunchError::InvalidLogId(None));
        };

        let mut path = self.home.join("logging");
        fs::create_dir_all(path.as_path()).await
            .map_err(|e| LaunchError::IO{ what: "creating log directory", error: e })?;

        let Some(Component::Normal(filename)) = Path::new(id).components().last() else {
            return Err(LaunchError::InvalidLogId(Some(id.clone())));
        };

        path.push(filename);

        debug!("Logger config {} is at {}", id, path.display());

        util::ensure_file(&path, dlinfo.url.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_str()), dlinfo.size, dlinfo.sha1, self.online, false).await
            .map_err(|e| LaunchError::EnsureFile(e))?;

        struct PathSub<'a>(&'a Path);
        impl<'a> SubFunc<'a> for PathSub<'a> {
            fn substitute(&self, key: &str) -> Option<Cow<'a, str>> {
                match key {
                    "path" => Some(self.0.to_string_lossy()),
                    _ => None
                }
            }
        }

        Ok(strsub::replace_string(config.argument.as_str(), &PathSub(path.as_ref())).to_string())
    }

    /* TODO:
     *  - launch game using JNI
     *  - auth
     */
    pub async fn prepare_launch(&self, profile: &Profile, instance: &Instance) -> Result<Launch, LaunchError> {
        let start = Instant::now();
        let feature_matcher = ProfileFeatureMatcher { profile };
        let version_id = profile.get_version();

        let Some(version_id) = self.versions.get_profile_version_id(version_id) else {
            // idk how common this use case actually is
            warn!("Can't use latest release/snapshot profiles while offline!");
            return Err(LaunchError::UnknownVersion("<latest>".into()));
        };

        info!("Preparing launch for \"{}\"...", version_id);

        let inst_home = instance.get_path(&self.home).await.map_err(|e| LaunchError::IO {
            what: "resolving instance directory",
            error: e
        })?;

        fs::create_dir_all(inst_home.as_path()).await.map_err(|e| LaunchError::IO {
            what: "creating instance directory",
            error: e
        })?;

        info!("Launching the game in {}", inst_home.display());
        
        let ver_res = self.versions.get_version_lazy(version_id.as_ref());
        let ver = match ver_res {
            VersionResult::Remote(mv) => Cow::Owned(self.versions.load_remote_version(mv).await.map_err(|e| LaunchError::LoadVersion(e))?),
            VersionResult::Complete(cv) => Cow::Borrowed(cv),
            VersionResult::None => {
                return Err(LaunchError::UnknownVersion(version_id.into_owned()).into())
            }
        };

        let ver = self.versions.resolve_version(ver.as_ref()).await.map_err(|e| LaunchError::ResolveVersion(e))?;
        ver.rules_apply(&self.system_info, &feature_matcher).map_err(|e| LaunchError::IncompatibleVersion(e))?;
        
        info!("Resolved launch version {}!", ver.id);

        let mut libs = Vec::new();
        let mut extract_jobs = Vec::new();
        let mut downloads = IndexMap::new();

        for lib in ver.libraries.values() {
            if lib.rules_apply(&self.system_info, &feature_matcher).is_err() {
                continue;
            }

            libs.push(lib);
            if let Some(dl) = self.libraries.create_download(lib, self.choose_lib_classifier(lib)) {
                let canon_name = lib.get_canonical_name();
                if downloads.contains_key(&canon_name) { continue; }

                dl.make_dirs().await.map_err(|e| LaunchError::LibraryDirError(dl.get_path().to_path_buf(), e))?;

                if lib.natives.is_some() {
                    extract_jobs.push(LibraryExtractJob {
                        source: dl.get_path().to_owned(),
                        rule: lib.extract.clone()
                    });
                }

                downloads.insert(canon_name, dl);
            }
        }

        if self.online {
            info!("Downloading {} libraries...", downloads.len());
            let client = Client::new();
            MultiDownloader::new(downloads.values_mut()).perform(&client).await
                .inspect_err(|e| warn!("library download failed: {e}"))
                .try_fold((), |_, _| async {Ok(())})
                .await
                .map_err(|_| LaunchError::LibraryDownloadError)?;
        } else {
            info!("Verifying {} libraries...", downloads.len());
            download::verify_files(downloads.values_mut()).await.map_err(|e| {
                warn!("A library could not be verified: {}", e);
                warn!("Since the launcher is in offline mode, libraries cannot be downloaded. Please try again in online mode.");
                LaunchError::LibraryVerifyError(e)
            })?;
        }

        let log_arg;
        if let Some(logging) = ver.logging.as_ref().map_or(None, |l| l.client.as_ref()) {
            log_arg = Some(self.log_config_ensure(logging).await?);
        } else {
            log_arg = None;
        }

        // download assets

        let (asset_idx_name, asset_idx) =
            if let Some(idx_download) = ver.asset_index.as_ref() {
                let asset_idx_name = idx_download.id.as_ref().or(ver.assets.as_ref()).map(String::as_str);
                let asset_idx = self.assets.load_index(idx_download, asset_idx_name).await
                    .map_err(|e| LaunchError::Assets(e))?;

                self.assets.ensure_assets(&asset_idx).await.map_err(|e| LaunchError::Assets(e))?;

                (asset_idx_name, Some(asset_idx))
            } else {
                (None, None)
            };

        // download client jar

        let client_jar_path;
        if let Some(client) = ver.downloads.get(&DownloadType::Client) {
            let mut client_path: PathBuf = [self.home.as_ref(), OsStr::new("versions"), OsStr::new(&ver.id)].iter().collect();
            fs::create_dir_all(&client_path).await.map_err(|e| LaunchError::IO{ what: "creating client download directory", error: e })?;

            client_path.push(format!("{}.jar", ver.id));

            info!("Downloading client jar {}", client_path.display());

            util::ensure_file(client_path.as_path(), client.url.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_str()), client.size, client.sha1, self.online, false).await
                .map_err(|e| LaunchError::EnsureFile(e))?;

            client_jar_path = Some(client_path);
        } else {
            client_jar_path = None;
        }

        // clean up old natives
        let nnatives = self.libraries.clean_old_natives().await?;
        info!("Cleaned up {} old natives directories.", nnatives);

        // extract natives (execute this function unconditionally because we still need the natives dir to exist)
        info!("Extracting natives from libraries");
        let natives_dir = self.libraries.extract_natives(extract_jobs).await?;

        let game_assets = if let Some(asset_idx) = asset_idx.as_ref() {
                info!("Reconstructing assets");
                self.assets.reconstruct_assets(asset_idx, inst_home.as_path(), asset_idx_name).await
                    .map_err(|e| LaunchError::Assets(e))?
            } else {
                None
            };

        info!("Building classpath");
        let classpath = env::join_paths(downloads.values()
                .map(|job| job.get_path().as_java_path())
                .chain(client_jar_path.iter().map(|p| p.as_path().as_java_path())))
            .map_err(|e| LaunchError::LibraryClasspathError(e))?
            .into_string()
            .unwrap_or_else(|os| {
                warn!("Classpath contains invalid UTF-8. The game may not launch correctly.");
                os.to_string_lossy().to_string()
            });

        trace!("Classpath: {classpath}");

        info!("Resolving java runtime environment path");
        let runtime_path;

        if let Some(ref profile_jre) = profile.get_java_runtime() {
            runtime_path = fs::canonicalize(profile_jre).await
                .map_err(|e| LaunchError::ResolveJavaRuntime {what: "resolving jre path", error: e})?;
        } else {
            let Some(ref java_ver) = ver.java_version else {
                warn!("Version {} does not specify java version information. You must select a runtime manually.", ver.id);
                return Err(LaunchError::MissingJavaRuntime);
            };

            let runtime = self.java_runtimes.choose_runtime(java_ver.component.as_str()).await.map_err(LaunchError::JavaRuntimeRepo)?;
            runtime_path = self.java_runtimes.ensure_jre(java_ver.component.as_str(), runtime).await.map_err(LaunchError::JavaRuntimeRepo)?;
        }

        let Some(runtime_exe_path) = runner::find_java(runtime_path.as_path(), profile.is_legacy_launch()).await
            .map_err(|e| LaunchError::ResolveJavaRuntime {what: "finding java executable", error: e})? else {
            return Err(LaunchError::MissingJavaRuntime);
        };


        debug!("Found runtime exe: {}", runtime_exe_path.display());

        info!("Deriving launch arguments");
        let info = LaunchInfo {
            launcher: self,
            feature_matcher: &feature_matcher,

            asset_index_name: asset_idx_name.map(|s| s.to_owned()),
            classpath,
            virtual_assets_path: game_assets,
            instance_home: inst_home.clone(),
            natives_path: natives_dir,
            client_jar: client_jar_path,
            version_id: ver.id.to_string(),
            version_type: ver.version_type.clone(),
            asset_index: asset_idx
        };

        let Some(ref main_class) = ver.main_class else {
            return Err(LaunchError::MissingMainClass);
        };

        // yuck
        let jvm_args = profile.iter_arguments().map(OsString::from)
            .chain(runner::build_arguments(&info, ver.as_ref(), ArgumentType::JVM).drain(..))
            .chain(log_arg.iter().map(OsString::from)).collect();
        let game_args = runner::build_arguments(&info, ver.as_ref(), ArgumentType::Game);

        let diff = Instant::now().duration_since(start);
        info!("Finished preparing launch for {} in {:.02} seconds!", ver.id, diff.as_secs_f32());

        Ok(Launch {
            jvm_args,
            game_args,
            main_class: main_class.to_string(),
            instance_path: inst_home,
            runtime_path: runtime_exe_path,
            runtime_legacy_launch: profile.is_legacy_launch()
        })
    }
}

#[derive(Debug)]
enum LibraryError {
    InvalidName(String),
    IO { what: &'static str, error: io::Error }
}

impl Display for LibraryError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        match self {
            LibraryError::InvalidName(name) => write!(f, "invalid name: {name}"),
            LibraryError::IO { what, error } => write!(f, "library i/o error ({what}): {error}"),
        }
    }
}

impl Error for LibraryError {
    fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)> {
        match self {
            LibraryError::IO { error, .. } => Some(error),
            _ => None
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Debug)]
struct LibraryExtractJob {
    source: PathBuf,
    rule: Option<LibraryExtractRule>
}

const ARCH_BITS: &'static str = formatcp!("{}", usize::BITS);

impl LibraryRepository {
    fn get_artifact_base_dir(name: &str) -> Option<PathBuf> {
        let end_of_gid = name.find(':')?;

        Some(name[..end_of_gid].split('.').chain(name.split(':').skip(1).take(2)).collect())
    }

    fn get_artifact_filename(name: &str, classifier: Option<&str>) -> Option<PathBuf> {
        let n: Vec<&str> = name.splitn(4, ':').skip(1).collect();

        struct LibReplace;
        impl SubFunc<'static> for LibReplace {
            fn substitute(&self, key: &str) -> Option<Cow<'static, str>> {
                match key {
                    "arch" => Some(Cow::Borrowed(ARCH_BITS)),
                    _ => None
                }
            }
        }

        if let Some(classifier) = classifier {
            match n.len() {
                2 => Some(PathBuf::from(strsub::replace_string(format!("{}-{}-{}.jar", n[0], n[1], classifier).as_str(), &LibReplace).as_ref())),
                3 => Some(PathBuf::from(strsub::replace_string(format!("{}-{}-{}-{}.jar", n[0], n[1], classifier, n[2]).as_str(), &LibReplace).as_ref())),
                _ => None
            }
        } else {
            match n.len() {
                2 => Some(PathBuf::from(strsub::replace_string(format!("{}-{}.jar", n[0], n[1]).as_str(), &LibReplace).as_ref())),
                3 => Some(PathBuf::from(strsub::replace_string(format!("{}-{}-{}.jar", n[0], n[1], n[2]).as_str(), &LibReplace).as_ref())),
                _ => None
            }
        }
    }

    fn get_artifact_path(name: &str, classifier: Option<&str>) -> Option<PathBuf> {
        let Some(mut p) = Self::get_artifact_base_dir(name) else {
            return None;
        };

        p.push(Self::get_artifact_filename(name, classifier)?);
        Some(p)
    }
    
    fn create_download(&self, lib: &Library, classifier: Option<&str>) -> Option<VerifiedDownload> {
        if let Some(ref url) = lib.url {
            let path = Self::get_artifact_path(lib.name.as_str(), classifier)?;
            let url = [url.as_str(), path.to_string_lossy().as_ref()].into_iter().collect::<String>();
            Some(VerifiedDownload::new(url.as_ref(), self.home.join(path).as_path(), lib.size, lib.sha1)) // TODO: could download sha1
        } else if let Some(ref downloads) = lib.downloads {
            let dlinfo = downloads.get_download_info(classifier)?;
            // drinking game: take a shot once per heap allocation
            let path = self.home.join(dlinfo.path.as_ref().map(PathBuf::from).or_else(|| Self::get_artifact_path(lib.name.as_str(), classifier))?);

            Some(VerifiedDownload::new(dlinfo.url.as_ref()?, path.as_path(), dlinfo.size, dlinfo.sha1))
        } else {
            let path = Self::get_artifact_path(lib.name.as_str(), classifier)?;
            let url = ["https://libraries.minecraft.net/", path.to_string_lossy().as_ref()].into_iter().collect::<String>();
            Some(VerifiedDownload::new(url.as_ref(), self.home.join(path).as_path(), lib.size, lib.sha1)) // TODO: could download sha1
        }
    }

    async fn clean_old_natives(&self) -> Result<usize, LaunchError> {
        info!("Cleaning up old natives folders...");

        let boot_time = SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap().as_secs() - min(System::uptime(), 7u64*24*60*60);

        let readdir = match fs::read_dir(&self.natives).await {
            Ok(readdir) => readdir,
            Err(e) if e.kind() == ErrorKind::NotFound => return Ok(0),
            Err(e) => return Err(LaunchError::IO { what: "reading natives directory", error: e })
        };

        ReadDirStream::new(readdir)
            .map(|entry| Ok(async move {
                let entry = entry.map_err(|e| LaunchError::IO { what: "reading natives entry", error: e })?;
                let ftype = entry.file_type().await.map_err(|e| LaunchError::IO { what: "'stat'ing natives entry", error: e })?;

                if !ftype.is_dir() { return Ok(false); }

                let Some(ftime) = entry.file_name().to_str()
                    .map_or(None, |s| constants::NATIVES_DIR_PATTERN.captures(s))
                    .map_or(None, |c| c.get(1))
                    .map_or(None, |cap| cap.as_str().parse::<u64>().ok()) else {
                    return Ok(false);
                };

                if ftime < boot_time {
                    let path = entry.path();
                    info!("Deleting old natives directory {}", path.display());

                    fs::remove_dir_all(&path).await.map_err(|e| LaunchError::IO {
                        what: "reading natives entry",
                        error: e
                    })?;

                    return Ok(true);
                }

                Ok(false)
            }))
            .try_buffer_unordered(32)
            .try_fold(0usize, |accum, res| async move {
                match res {
                    true => Ok(accum + 1),
                    _ => Ok(accum)
                }
            }).await
    }

    async fn extract_natives<'lib>(&self, libs: Vec<LibraryExtractJob>) -> Result<PathBuf, LaunchError> {
        let libs = libs;
        fs::create_dir_all(&self.natives).await.map_err(|e| LaunchError::IO {
            what: "creating natives directory",
            error: e
        })?;

        let time = SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap().as_secs();
        let natives_dir = self.natives.join(format!("{}{}-{}", constants::NATIVES_PREFIX, time, process::id()));

        // create_dir_all suppresses "AlreadyExists", but this is a fatal error here.
        fs::create_dir(&natives_dir).await.map_err(|e| LaunchError::IO {
            what: "creating natives directory",
            error: e
        })?;

        let (path_again, extracted) = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
            let mut tally = 0usize;

            for job in libs {
                debug!("Extracting natives for {}", job.source.display());
                tally += extract::extract_zip(&job.source, &natives_dir, |name|
                    job.rule.as_ref().is_some_and(|rules|
                        rules.exclude.iter().filter(|ex|
                            name.starts_with(ex.as_str())).next().is_none()))?;
            }

            Ok((natives_dir, tally))
        }).await.unwrap().map_err(LaunchError::LibraryExtractError)?;

        info!("Done extracting natives! Copied {} files.", extracted);

        Ok(path_again)
    }
}

impl SystemInfo {
    fn new() -> SystemInfo {
        let os = match OS {
            "windows" => OperatingSystem::Windows,
            "macos" => OperatingSystem::MacOS,
            "linux" => OperatingSystem::Linux,
            _ => OperatingSystem::Unknown // could probably consider "hurd" and "*bsd" to be linux...
        };

        let mut os_version = System::os_version().unwrap_or_default();
        if os == OperatingSystem::Windows && (os_version.starts_with("10") || os_version.starts_with("11")) {
            os_version.replace_range(..2, "10.0"); // minecraft expects this funny business...
        }

        let mut arch = ARCH.to_owned();
        if arch == "x86_64" {
            // this nomenclature is preferred, since some versions expect the arch containing "x86" to mean 32-bit.
            arch.replace_range(.., "amd64");
        }

        SystemInfo {
            os,
            os_version,
            arch
        }
    }

    fn is_our_os(&self, os: OperatingSystem) -> bool {
        if self.os == OperatingSystem::Unknown {
            return false;
        }

        self.os == os
    }

    fn applies(&self, restriction: &OSRestriction) -> bool {
        restriction.os.is_none_or(|os| self.is_our_os(os))
            && restriction.version.as_deref().is_none_or(|pat| pat.is_match(&self.os_version))
            && restriction.arch.as_deref().is_none_or(|pat| pat.is_match(&self.arch))
    }
}